ZIRNA IN LEH CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

- Moses Lalvenhima

Hman ata tawh tun thlengin Mizoram chhunga zirna inah corporal punishment naupangin an tawh chungchang hriattur a tam hle mai. He buaina kan tawh fo hian Mizorama school-ten trained teacher kan mamawhzia te, trained teacher mai nilo naupang dikna chanvo hria zirtirtu kan mamawhzia a tilang chiang hle a ni.

‘Zirna in’ kan tih hian Elementary section atanga College/University te a huam a. ‘Corporal Punishment’ kan tih hi Right to Education Act, 2009-in a hrilhfiah dan chuan heng physical punishment, mental harassment leh discrimination-te hi a huam a, Mizo tawng chuan taksa tina zawnga inhremna, rilru natna inthlensak leh inthliarhranna te a huam tihna a ni.

Zirtirtu chuan zirlai naupang chu hmasawn tura a duh avangin a zilhhau thin. Amaherawhchu, khawvel thang zelah mihring rilru leh taksa tum reng vang nilova hliam palh theihna tamtak a awm avangin, zirtirtu chuan naupang a zilh hauna kawngah a mawhphurna te, a tihtur leh tihlohtur a hriatchian a ngai a ni. Corporal punishment chungchangah pawh zirtirtuin a tihtur leh a tih loh turte, dan mit atanga thlirin, engtin nge corporal punishment chungchangah thutlukna tha ber kan siam theih ang tihte kan ngaihtuah a ngai a ni.

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN A HUAM TE SAWIZAUNA

Corporal Punishment kan tih hian pakhatnaah chuan naupang taksa tina thei zawnga chetna a huam a,pahnihnaah chuan naupang rilru tina thei zawnga chetna a huam a, pathumnaah chuan naupang thliar hranna avanga tawrhtirna a huam tel bawk a ni.

Physical corporal punishment

Physical corporal punishment chuan kut leh ke emaw hmanraw hmanga kutthlak emaw, naupang taksa vuak/ben/hnek/sih/piai leh seh etc a huam a. Sama phih/keh te, kawnghren emaw hmawlh emaw pheikhawk etc a naupang vuak leh tihnat te ahuam vek a ni.

Physical corporal punishment hian naupang hrehawm taka rei tak dintir te, rei tak ban phartir te, rei tak bengpawhtir te leh thingthit tirte, taksa tina thei zawnga naupang laka chetna engpawh ahuam a ni.

Mental Corporal punishment

Mental corporal punishment hian naupang rilru tina thei leh  ti hrehawm thei naupang laka hleilenna engpawh a huam a. Naupang a classmate te hma a zak taka siam te, naupang a hminga ko lova nawmnah taka hming danga koh te, naupang zirnaa a hnufual deuh avanga tawngpawng hauh chiam te, naupang a classmate leh midang nena khaikhina, a rilru natna thlen thei zawnga tawngkam chhakchhuah te mental corporal punishment hian a huam bawk a ni.

Discriminatory corporal punishment

Discriminatory corporal punishment hian gender emaw, sakhuana emaw, social status etc avanga naupang thliarhranna engpawh a huam a ni. RTE Act, 2009-in naupangte hnena free and compulsory education hmanga dikna chanvo a pekin a ken tel, mid-day meal leh lehkhabu leh uniform an dawntur pek duhoh te discriminatory corporal punishment hian a huam a, tin, a hnam leh chi anga thliar hrana tihtur hran pek te pawh a huam tel bawk a ni. Heng kan sawite bakah hian discriminatory corporal punishment-in a huamtel tamtak ala awm thei ang.

DAN MIT ATANGIN CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

India rama naupang humhalhna dan hrang hrangte hian naupangte hi, an kum a zir te leh an social status a zirin dikna chanvo hrang hrang a pe a, chung chu kan sawi vek seng lo ang. Dan mitah naupang laka corporal punishment lek kawh hi, eng tiang chiaha dan bawhchhiatna nge a nih tih heng a hnuai a kan tarlan atangte hian kan hre thei ang.

1) Right to Education Act, 2009, Section 17 

RTE Act,2009 section 17 chuan naupang taksa leh rilru tina thei zawnga hremna pek a khap a. Naupang taksa leh rilru tina thei zawnga naupang chunga hremna lek kawh an awm a nih chuan, service rules hnuaiah dan angin disciplinary action lak tur a ni.

2) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015

(Section 82) He danin naupang a tihte chu tu pawh kum 18 la tlinglo te an ni. He dan hian naupang enkawlna institution-a thawk emaw mawhphurna la emaw tu pawhin, naupang thununna atana corporal punishment a hmang a nih chuan, thiam loh chantir a nih hnuah cheng singkhat thleng chawitir leh thlathum lungin tan bakah, pawisa chawitir emaw a pahnih hmang emawa hrem theih a ni. Hei bakah hian a service atanga chawlhtir emaw, thawk chhunzawm thei tawh lo tura hrem theih a ni bawk. Tin, naupang enkawlna institution-ah corporal punishment chungchang report a awmin, chu institution-a thawk emaw mawhphurtu emaw chuan enquiry tihna kawngah, committee emaw, board emaw, court emaw, state sorkar a thawhpui duhlo a nih chuan, chu institution-a mawhphurtu chu kumthum aia tlem lo tang tura hrem theih a ni a, chu mai bakah pawisa Nuai 1 thleng chawi tura hrem theih a ni bawk.

3) India ram danpui hnuaiah, naupang laka tharum thawhna hi dikna chanvo inrahbehsakna niin, Article 21 Right to life a palzut a ni. Corporal punishment hian naupang zirna kawngah nghawng tha lo tak neiin dropout rate a tihsan phah bawk a, he thil hian right to education palzutin, fundmental right Indian Constitution Article 21-nain a pek a kalh bawk a ni.

4) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015

(Section 75) Juvenile Justice Act chuan naupang chunga hleilenna chungchangah hremna a siam a. Organization-a thawk emaw, organization enkawltu emaw in taksa leh rilru natna thlen thei zawnga a naupang a tiduhdah emaw, a tawrhtir emaw a hlamchhiah anih chuan, chu pawi khawihtu chu thiamloh chantir anihin, kum 5 thlenga lungin tantir leh cheng Nuai 5 thlenga pawisa chawitir theih a  ni. Naupangin hleilenna a tawhte avanga taksa piansualna emaw rilru lama harsatna a tawk a nih a, a tihtur angte a tichhunzawm thei tawh lo emaw, a nunna derthawngah a awm emaw, a kut leh ke a hmang chhunzawm thei tawhlo a nih chuan, pawikhawihtu hremna chu kum 10 thleng pawhsei theih a ni.

5) Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Child 1989 (UNCRC)

Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Child 1989 (UNCRC) chuan tharum tel tawh phawt thununna chu a pawmlo bur mai a. Naupangte chu an taksa leh rilru hleilenna leh tihduhdanna avanga an nat theihna lak ata venhim tur a ni tih a sawi a. Sorkar chuan naupangte chu, tharum thawhna lak ata leh, an nu leh pa emaw anmahni enkawltu emaw tu pawhin an endawngna lak ata an him ngei a ni tih a chian tur a ni a ti. He convention Article 28 (2) hian ram hrang hrangte chu an ram chhunga school discipline kenkawhna kawngah, naupang dikna chanvo palzut lo turin a hriattir bawk.

6) The UN Committee of Rights of Childs 42nd Session Geneva (May-June 2006) 

The UN Committee of Rights of Childs 42nd Session Geneva (May-June 2006) chuan general comment a tihchhuak a, chu chu ‘The Right of the Child to Protection from Corporal Punishment and Cruel or Degrading Forms of Punishment’ niin, heihian ram hrang hrangte chu naupang laka corporal punishment leh hleilenna hrang hrangte titawp tura rang taka hma la turin a ti a, dan leh awareness te pawh a theih anga ramin hemi chungchanga an hmalakna turte duang turin a hriattir bawk a ni.

A chunga kan sawi takte bakah India danpui Article 15(3) leh 39(e)-ah te hian naupang venhimna lam kan hmu bawk a. India danpui Article 15(3) hian naupangte tana special provision siam phalna a pe a. Article 39(e) hian naupangte hmansual an nih theihna lak ata venhimna a pe a. Article 39(f) hian naupangte chu hrisel leh zalen taka an thanlen theihna tur leh anmahni tichhe thei thil hrang hrang lak ata venhimna a pe bawk a ni.

DAN HNUAIAH NAUPANG ENKAWLTU (ZIRTIRTU LEH NU LEH PA) TE DIKNA CHANVO

1) Indian Penal Code (Section 88)

IPC Section 88 chuan, ‘‘Nothing which is not intended to cause death, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, or be known by the doer to be likely to cause, to any person for whose benefit it is done in good faith, and who has given a consent, whether express or implied, to suffer that harm, or to take the risk of that harm.  Illustration A, a surgeon, knowing that a particular operation is likely to cause the death of Z, who suffers under a painful complaint, but not intending to cause Z’s death and intending in good faith, Z’s benefit performs that operation on Z, with Z’s consent. A has committed no offence. ‘’, a ti a. A tawi thei ang bera khaikhawm dawn chuan, ‘Acts not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit’, tihna a ni. Zirtirtu emaw nu leh pain emaw, zirlai naupang chunga hremna an lek kawh chungchangah, ‘zirtirtu emaw nu leh pain emaw naupang chunga thihna khawp hial thlentir tum lova, naupang thatna tur anga ngaia naupang laka hremna an lek kawh hi dan mitah thil sual a ni lo’ tihna a ni.

2) Indian Penal Code (Section 89)

IPC Section 89 chuan, “Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian.—Nothing which is done in good faith for the benefit of a person under twelve years of age, or of unsound mind, by or by consent, either express or implied, of the guardian or other person having lawful charge of that person, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause or be known by the doer to be likely to cause to that person”, a ti a. ‘Guardian emaw guardian remtihpuinaa midangin naupang chunga naupang thihna hial thlentur khawp ni lova, naupang thatna tura ngaia hremna an lekkawh chuan, chu chu dan mitah thil sual a nilo’ tihna a ni.

NAUPANGTE LEH GUARDIAN TE DIKNA CHANVO KHAIKHAWMNA

India ramah dan hrang hrang corporal punishment khapna a awm a, chutih rualin Educational Institution-ah institution dan zawm lo naupangte lakah discipline kenkawh loh theihloh a nihna tamtak a awm bawk si a, hetiang case hi court-ah te pawh chai a lo ni nual tawh a ni.

Justice R.N. Dutt (Culcutta High Court) chuan corporal punishment chungchang thubuai ngahtuahin, zirlai naupangin lehkhabu a ruk avanga an Headmaster-in hmawlha a hlap chungchangah, April ni 10 1964 khan hetiang hian thutlukna a lo siama ( Ganesh Chandra Saha vs Jiw Raj Somani, 1964), the Headmaster had “committed no offence under section 323 of the Indian Penal code” in view of the provisions of section 88 of the Code, “which finds support in these authorities”, ti in.

1964 hian Culcutta High Court hian Headmaster hi thiam chantir mahsela, tunah chuan Juvenile Justice Act 2015 a awm tawh avangin, 2022-ah he thubuai hi ngaihtuah leh ni ta sela, Headmaster hian thiam a chan a rinawm tawh loh a ni. Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 Section 2(9)-ah chuan, “best interest of child” tih awmzia chu naupang tana thutlukna eng pawh siamsak dawna, a basic rights leh needs bakah a identity, social well being leh taksa, emotional leh intellectual development te palzut lo leh tichhe lova thutlukna siam a ni. Corporal Punishment kan tih hian heng kan sawi tak naupang basic rights leh needs, social well being leh physical, emotional leh intellectual development te hi a pui lemlo a ni.

Naupang enkawltu Nu leh Pa leh Zirtirtute hian, dan hrulah dan ang taka naupang dikna chanvo palzut lova naupang laka thununna kan lek kawh thiam a tul takzet tawh a ni. Naupang rilru leh taksa hliam lo zawnga thununna kalpui dan kan ngaihtuaha, ‘best interest of child’ awmzia hria a, chumi ngahtuah reng chunga naupang kan enkawl a ngai a ni.

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT CHUNGCHANGA ZIRTIRTU MAWHPHURNA

1) Children rights are Human Rights

Zirtirtuin naupangte dikna chanvo hi mihring dikna chanvo a ni tih a hriat a pawimawh. Naupangte hi kan mawhphurna pakhatah chauh ngailova, mihring an nih anga kan zah a, mihring an nih anga enkawlna kan pek a pawimawh hle a ni. Naupangte dikna chanvo hi mihring dikna chanvo a ni tih hrethiamtu zirtirtu chuan, naupang a enkawlna kawngah naupangte dikna chanvo zahsak chungin a enkawl thin a, chu chuan naupang leh zirtirtu inkarah mutual respect siamin rah tha zawk a chhuah thin a ni.

2) Say NO to corporal Punishment

Corporal punishment hmanga naupang thunun hi dan hnuaia zirtirtuin a tihloh tur a nih bakah, naupangin school nuam an tihloh phah thin a, chu chu zirtirtu leh naupang inkar inkungkaihna tichhetu a ni. Corporal punishment hmang lova, naupang thunun nana reinforcement technique hrang hrang hman hi a him mai bakah, naupangin an thatpui zawk a ni.

3) Say NO to Discrimination

Hmeichhia emaw mipa emaw, rethei leh hausa emaw, chi leh kuang, vun rawng leh sakhuana avanga thliarhranna zirtirtu chuan a zirlaiteah a nei tur a ni lo. Naupang zawng zawng inangkhata enkawl te, duhsak bik leh duhsak loh bik awm lova zirna inangkhat pek hi zirtirtu mawhphurna a ni. Inclusive environment naupangte siamsak hi zirtirtuin a tihtur pawimawh tak a ni bawk.

4) Self Improvement/Enriching knowledge

Khawvel thiamna sang zelah digital khawvela kan awm tawh avangin zirtirtu pawhin kawng engkimah hma a sawn a ngai a. Eng danin nge min phuar tih te, kan thiltihin a ngawng turte ngahtuah a, chumi hre tur pawha kan inchhiar zau a ngai a ni.

5) Think Global

Mizoramah awm mah ila, khawvel hi internet avangin a zim tawh em em a, kan sakhuana avanga kan vawn ngheh tawh thilte leh, kan society leh community-in kan kalpui ngheh tawh dan zulzuia naupang enkawl mai hi zirtirtu tihtur a ni lo. Khawvel pum huapa ngahdan leh kalphung hrang hrang ngahtuah a, chung chu hre reng chunga naupang kan enkawl a tul a ni.

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT CHUNGCHANGA ZIRLAI NAUPANG MAWHPHURNA

1) To know the rights

Mahni dikna chanvo hriat hi naupangte mawhphurna a ni a, kan dikna chanvo hriat hi kan himna a ni. Mahni dikna chanvo hretura lehkhabu leh journal paper bakah, mithiam rawn fo te pawh zirlai naupangte tihtur pawimawh em em a ni.

2) To know the duties

Mahni dikna chanvo hriat baka mahni duty hriat hi mi changkang nihna a ni. Tunlaiah mahni dikna chanvo hre em em, mahni duty hre silo zirlai naupang tamtak an awm. Institution dan siamte zawm a, zirlai taima leh thuawih nih tlat hi zirlai naupang mawhphurna a ni. Mahni dikna chanvo hria a, mahni duty hlen thinte hi mi hlawhtlingah an chhuak thin.

3) Standup for yourself and others

Mahni chungah emaw kan zirlaipuite chungah corporal punishment/injustice a thleng tih kan hriat chuan huaisen taka school/institution authority-ah thlen tur a ni. School/Institution authority atanga kan beisei ang chhanna kan hmulo a nih chuan, nu leh pa emaw guardian emaw te hnenah kan harsatna te thlen thin tur a ni.

Corporal Punishment hi Mizoramah a mikhuallo hle a, heihi thil zahthlak tak a ni. Sorkarin tunah chuan trained teacher chauh zirtirtu atan a la ta a, hun lo awm zel turah chuan corporal punishment kaihhnawiha incident awm thin hi a ziaawm chhoh a beiseiawm. Zirlai atanga nu leh pa leh zirtirtu thlengin insiamthatna tur kan nei vekin a rinawm a, zirlai pawhin hrem ngai lova mahni duty te zawm a, nu leh pa pawhin fate tawngpawng tan ringawt lovin an thiamlohnaah zilh ngam i la, chutiang zelin zirtirtu pawhin corporal punishment hmang lova naupang thunun kan zir a pawimawh. Kan ram future naupangte kan enkawl a ni tih hrereng chungin, an taksa leh rilru tina lo thei ang bera enkawl leh hma sawn tir hi zirnain a tum a ni tih hre reng ang u. Corporal punishment hian rahtha a chhuah ngai lova, naupangah hlauhna tuhin school nuam tihlohna leh school dropout hial a thlen theih avangin, kan tih loh hram hram a pawimawh hle. Nu leh pa leh zirtirtu ten naupang enkawlna kawnga tihdan tha zawk, dan atanga teh pawha technique pawmtlak leh hmantlak (acceptable) zawk kan ngaihtuaha kan hman zel a tul a, chu chuan zirna environment tha zawk leh nuam zawk a siam ang a, rah tha zawk a chhuah ngei a beiseiawm a ni.

References;

• Bharadwaj Dhruv, “Is corporal punishment legal in India”, ipleaders (2019).

https://blog.ipleaders.in/corporal-punishment-india/

• Deshwal Vageswari, “Corporal Pnishment against Children and the law” The times of India(2019).

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/legally-speaking/corporal-punishment-against- children-and-the-law/

• Ministry of Law and Justice, “The Juvenile Justice (care and Protection of children) Act, 2015” (2016)

http://cara.nic.in/PDF/JJ%20act%202015.pdf

• Vishwanathan S, “Corporal Punishment: Governments and media must act resolutely” The Hindu(2009).

https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/Corporal-punishment- governments- and-media-must-act-resolutely/article16184872.ece

• Tanwar Vivek, K.R, “Laws related to cororal punishment in India”.

https://advocatetanwar.com/laws- related-to-corporal-punishment-in-india/#

• Sridhar Maadabhushi, “Corporal punishment: violation of child rights in school”, Legal services India.

http://www.legalservicesindia.com/articles/punish.htm

• “Teachers role in Child protection”, Vikaspedia.

https://vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/child-protection-1/what- teachers-can-do-to-protect-the-children

• The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Section 88 of 511). https://indiankanoon.org/doc/862963/#

• The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Section 89 of 511). https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1858333/

...