ISRAEL-PALESTINE INNGHIRNGHONA HI - I

Ruata Royte

- Ruata Royte

Writer/Advocate

Ottoman Empire hnuaiah

Kum zabi 19 hunlai vel khan tun a Israel leh Palestine ram luah khu Ottoman Empire hnuaia awm a ni a. Ottoman record a a lan danin  1878-ah chuan 87% Muslim, 10% Kristian leh 3% Juda sakhaw betute an cheng a ni. 1880’s tawp lamah chuan Juda sakhaw vuantu hi mi 30,000-40,000 vel niin mihring cheng zat atanga 5% vel an ni.

Photo: Indiatoday.in

Palestine ram a Juda mi te pemkhawm runpui

Kum zabi 19 vel ah Europe ram hrang hrang a hnam a harhtharna a rawn irh chhoh takah khan Europe ram leh khawvel hmun hrang hrang a Juda mi te chu an chep telh telh a, anti-semitisim boruak a lo lian chho ve zel bawk a.

Russia ram ah chuan Juda mi te ngaihtheihlohna a in mung chho mek bawk a, an hruaitu Tsar Alexander II thah a nih khan Juda mi te tih ah puh a ni a, boruak a ti punlun zual a ni. 1882 a lo herchhuah chuan Russian Juda mi Leon Pinsker chuan ‘Auto Emancipation; An Appeal to His People by a Russian Jew’ a rawn ziak a. 1897 ah chuan Austrian Juda Journalist, Theodor Herzl chuan  ‘ First World Zionist Congress’ a huaihawt a, ‘The Jewish State’ a ziak bawk a ni. He mi te hi Juda mi te Palestine ram a pem khawm runpui nei tur a hnarkaitu, ‘ Zionist Movement’ atan a meizanghlaptu pawimawh tak pahnih an ni.

British hnuaiah

Hun a lo kal zel a, Indopui pakhatna chho ah chuan  Britain leh France chuan Sykes-Picot Agreement 1916 siamin Middle East ram thenkhat chu Turkey kut atanga an lak hnuah insem turin an rel a, Palestine ram leh a chhehvel ram thenkhat chu Britain kut a awm tura rel a ni. Britain hian 1915 khan Mecca hotu, Sheriff Hussein hnenah chuan Ottoman rorelna laka hel a, a paihthlak pui chuan Palestine enkawl zui chu a lo tiam a.1915-1916 inkar hian Hussein-Mc Mohan Letters an tih mai, Sheriff Hussein, Mecca emir leh Sir Henry Mc Mohan, Egypt-a British High Commissioner te indawrna chu a awm a ni. Hetih lai hian 1917 ah chuan Britain vek hian Juda mi te chu Balfour Declaration ah chuan Juda mi te tan Palestine ah chuan an inbenbelna tur, ‘national home’ pek an lo tiam ve bawk a ni. 

1920’s chho ah chuan Palestine ram ah chuan Juda leh Arab inkarah innghirnghona a awm chho ta neuh neuh a. 1929 a lo herchhuah phei chuan thisen chhuahna lian tham deuh a lo thleng ta hial a ni. 1939-ah phei chuan British chuan ‘White Paper’ an tih mai chu an tichhuak a, hei hi Palestine ram a Juda mi pem lut te hrekna leh tihtlemna tur a ni ( Sawi tawh angin khawvel hmun hrang hrang a Juda te chu Palestine ah hian an pem lut a nih kha) Hetih hunlai hian Palestine a Juda pem lut  te chu 30% an tling hial tawh a, 1918 ah kha chuan 10% chauh an ni.

British hnu UN hnuaiah

Palestine dinhmun chuan Britain ho chu a tiluhai viau mai a, Indopui pahnihna tawp lamah khan UN te a lo pian chhoh khan a kut silin UN kutah a dah ta a ni. UN chuan Resolution siamin Palestine ram chu ram bung intiat deuhthaw pahnih ah semin Israel lam leh Palestine lam te chan tur an siam a. Hetih lai hian an ram bung chan tur chu hmun thum vel inkarthelh ve ve a ni thung. Hei hi Palestine lam leh arab ram dang thenkhat chuan an duhlo a, 1948 ah chuan Arab-Israel indona chu a chhuak zui a ni. Hemi tum hian Israel lam hian UN Resolution siam aia hmun thum a then a hmun khat laia zau chu ram an hnehchhuh belh a a ni. 1967 ah Israel chuan  West Bank, Gaza , Golan Heights leh Sinai Peninsula ( Sinai hi 1982 ah Egypt hnenah hlan a ni)  bakah East Jerusalem te chu a hnehchhuh belh leh a, heti hian a hma a he ram lo luahtute chu he ram a rawn pemkhawm te chuan an hnehchhuh zo titih a ni. Nunau pawisawilo maktaduai 1.5 lai mai chu tawmhimna nei lovin nekchhuah an ni a, an chhehvel ram hrang hrangah an raltlan a ni. UN Security Council chuan Resolution 242 chu siamin Israel chu 1967 a an ram hnehchhuh te chu pe kir leh turin a ti a, he thil ah hian US leh Soviet Union pawh an inthurual ve hial a ni. He thil hi tihhlawhtlin a ni ta lo a ni.

Israel hian West Bank leh Gaza Strip a Palestine mi te chenna hmunah hian tharum hmangin a mi leh sa te chenna tur in tamtak a sa zui reng a. Kawng a sial te chu Juda mi ni ve lo tan hman phal a ni lova, Palestine mi te dinhmun chu a chep em em a. Palestine mi ten chenna hmun tlem a zawng an la neih ve na Gaza Strip leh West Bank ah te pawh chuan zalen taka khawsa in in te pawh an sa thei lova, an in sak tamtak chu Israel lamin an tihchhiatsak a, an duh duh a inkalpawh leh veivah pawh phalsak an ni lova, bang an hung bur a, sipaiin khauh takin an veng thin bawk a ni. 1980 a lo thlen meuh chuan Palestine mi te chuan ‘intifda’ chu kalpuiin Israel sorkar lakah chuan lungawilohna an lantir a, Israel sorkar chuan sipai tha chakna hmanga chhang letin mi tamtakin nunna an chan a ni.

Inbiakna lamtluang

1988 Israel inthlanpui boruak a lo herchhuah chuan Prime Minister ni lai Yitzhak Shamir, Likud Party hruaitu leh amah khingtu Shimon peres te chuan ngaihdan inpersan tak an nei a. Yitzhak Shamir hian Palestine ho lakah chuan ring  tih khawng tlat a, inremna leh an ram pek let then reng reng chu tih chin reng reng loh tur a ti bur mai a. Shimon Peres erawh chuan Palestine ho chu inbiakna neihpuia, remna te zawngin an ram pawh pek let then a duh thung a ni. PLO chuan 1988 khan UN Resolution 242 leh 338  chu pawm a nih chuan Israel nen remna kawng an zawh theih tur thu an lo puang ve bawk a. Shamir erawh chuan “Greater Isreal” chu an tum ber a nih thu a la tang kawh tlat a ni.  1992 inthlan a lo herchhuah chuan Shamir chu Yitzhak Rabin chuan a rawn hneh ta a . 

Rabin hi Shamir ai chuan a rawn nem deuh na a 1967 hunlai a an ram bawh chin ang a kir leh chu a duh lova, West Bank leh Gaza ah erawh Palestine mi te chu  anmahni pual rorelna neih leh Israel in an in sak te tihtawp a remti a ni. 1993 chuan Oslo ah PLO lam aiawh leh Israel Peace Now Movement aiawh ten inbiakna an neih rah avangin September 1993 khan Rabin leh Yasser Arafat ten  Washington D.C ah inremna thuthlung an ziak a ni.

Hemi chhung hian a lehlam lehlam ah rawlrala chetna leh lungawilohna neuh neuh awm mah se thui tak inremna hi kalpui hman a ni a. 1995 a lo herchhuah chuan Israel chuan 1967 a an lo hnehchhuh East Jerusalem chhehvel ah chuan in Juda mi te tan in sak an tum thu an puang leh ta ut ut mai a. Palestine mi chenna in leh lo acre 130 zet chu an chhuhsak tawp mai a ni. UN Security Council ah Palestine lam hruaitu Arafat chuan lungawilohna thehlut mah se US veto avangin a tlang zo ta lova, US chuan Israel thiltih hi a dem duh lovin a Palestine mi te vuina hi a hnawlsak a ni. Palestine lamah hian PLO leh Hamas te chu an thu a rual loh avangin an inchemhar ve reng a.

 Hemi kar ah hian Palestine lam PLO hruaitu Arafat leh Isreal hruaitu Rabin te chuan an inbiakan bawhzui an tum reng a. Rabin hian West Bank leh Gaza atangin sipai te lak chhuah leh thuneihna chu Palestine lam a pek hret hret a tum a. Opposisition Leader, Benjamin Netanyahu, tun a an ram hruaitu ni ta hian hei hi a ngaitheilo em em a ni. Juda firfiak pakhatin an ram huaitu Rabir hi a that zui nghe nghe a ni.

Remthu a leng thei lo!

1996 ah Israel PM thlan a lo hun meuh chuan Shimon Peres chuan Benjamin Netanyahu hneh turin mipui hmin a tum hle a. Mi maktaduai chanve lai nunna channa thlenin Beirut a han bomb pawp mai a. Benjamin Netanyahu chuan vote tlem te in hnehna a chang ta tho a. Netanyahu hi an hruaitu hlui Rabin-an ‘muanna atan ram pek let’ a tih dodal tlattu kha a ni. 1996 ah chuan Jerusalem chu an ta a nih thu leh Palestine chuan pawm mai bak duhthlan tur an neihloh thu a sawi zui a. 1967 a an hnehchhuh, a mi cheng tam zawk te pawh Palestine an nihna, East Jerusalem hmun chu lei hnuai kawng in a pawhtlang tir bawk a. Tharumthawhna nasa tak a thlen leh phah a ni. Palestine mi te chenna hmun West Bank, Gaza leh East Jerusalem-ah chuan Juda mi te chenna tur in tamtak an sak chilh belh leh ta a. 1993 atanga December 2000 inkar ngawt pawhin an in sak hi za a 50 in a pung a, mihring cheng za a 72 in an pung bawk a, Palestine mi te chu an nek chep hneh hle.

Ehud Barak chuan 1999 inthlan ah Netanyahu chu a rawn hneh a. Barak hi Rabin te ang a engemaw ti a Palestine ho inrem pui theih dan dap duh a ni a. Kum 2000 ah chuan Camp David an tih mai ah chuan Arafat leh Barak te chuan inbiakna an nei a, West Bank le Gaza hmun chu Palestine mi te tana ruahman turin Israel chuan a mi leh sa engemzawzat an insasengna tur in a zawrh a. Arafat chuan Jerusalem chhak lam chanve chu Palestine mi ten an neih a phut tel ve thung a. Hei vang hian a hmawr an bawk mumal thei ta lo a ni.

Hmun thianghlim inchuhna…

Hetiang boruak a nih chhoh lai hian September 2000 khan Israel Cabinet Minister, Ariel Sharon chuan sipai ralthuam keng mi 1000 lai mai hruaiin sakhaw hmun pawimawh, hmasang atanga Juda leh Muslim te hmun pawimawh ve ve awmna, Temple Mount, Solomon a Temple dinna ni a sawi leh Tahna Bang (Wailing Wall), Dome of the Rock leh Al Aksa Mosque etc. awmna chu Juda te ta a ni tih lantir turin a tlawh a. Hei hian tharum thawhna nasa tak a ti chhuak leh ta a ni. 1967 a indo hnu khan General Moshe Dayan chuan helai hmunah hian Muslim te chu thuneihna a lo pe a, Israel mi te chu an tlawh a phalsak bawk a ni. (He lai hmun inchuhna chungchang hi  chhui zui a sawi zui tur tam tak awm mah se a hranpa a sawi zui tham a nih vangin a hranpa a sawi thui deuh a tul ang.)

Deal of the Ceuntury?

2020 khan Trump chuan  Isreal-Palestine inremna tur ruahmanna a siam chu a puang a. Palestine mi te chu biakrawn an ni lo thung. He ruahmanna hi ‘Deal of the Century’ ti a sawi zui a ni a. A ruahmanna langsar zual lo en ila; 'West bank ah Israel hovin ram an hnehchhuh mek 87% chu an nei zui ang, Jerusalem a Muslim hmun pawimawh te chu Hashemite ho enkawlna hnuaiah a awm ang a, thuneihna pumhlum tak tak chu Israel in a nei ang, Palestine  ral tlan te chu an Arab unau ten an ram a tuamhlawma an ram a awmtir chu an mawhphurhna a ni ang, Juda mi te chu Israel a an awm ang' tih te a ni hlawm. Hetiang tak a Israel te lam awn ran a ruahmanna siam hi Palestine mi te chuan an duh lo em em a ni.

Ruata Royte

Tlangkawmna

Palestine mi te hian West Bank leh Gaza ah hian chenna hmun tlem a zawng an nei ve na a, Israel lam hian an mi leh sa te chenna turin sipai tha chakna nen an beih chhunzawm reng a, Palestine mi te hi an nun a chep em em a ni. Tharum thawhna liantham a chhuah apiang hian a chan nasal eh a chan belh ah an tang zel a ni.

Thil nihphung ngaihtuah chiang lem lova tam lam lo neih tukna emaw, kan tan zawng te lam an nih chuan an tih apiang dik sa vek tur a ngaihna te, kan sakhaw mil deuh emaw kan thuthlung atanga kan tan zawng emaw an nih chuan an thil tih apiang sawi mam (justify) tawp te leh kan sakhaw mil deuh emaw kan hnampui an nih loh chuan mihring tling pha lo ang deuh thaw a ngaihthah titih mai ang chi te hi kalsan a hun takzet a ni.