Literal v/s Golden rule of Interpretation

(A case study of Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution)

- K Remruatfela

Mizoram Legislative Assembly Speaker in Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution (Anti-Defection Law) bawhchhia ni-a a hriat avanga MLA pakhat a ban tîr thu hian Zoram politics a nghawr nghing tak zet a. He thil hian Jurisprudence _(the Science of law)_ a khawih tel tlat avangin a field-a chêngte leh a affected constituency chhûnga voter tân chuan lo râlkhat thlir satliah mai mai a har tak zet a. Chuvangin, mipuiten thutlûkna (conclusion) an siam theihna turin a hint tlêm rawn chhawpchhuah ka'n tum dâwn a ni.

*Jurisprudence/Interpretation of Statutes*

Dân engkim behchhan leh bulthut chu "Jurisprudence" a ni a. Dân zirna kawnga hriatna thûk bik nei tur chuan 'Jurisprudence' awmzia leh a ze lairil hi kan hriatchian hle pawh a tul! Chu Jurisprudence subject-in a ngaih pawimawh em em chu 'Interpretation of Statutes' hi a ni. Interpretation of Statutes chhûnga subject pawimawh tak chu mode of interpretation hi a ni a. Chûng mode of interpretation zinga pahnih - 'Literal Rule of Interpretation' leh 'Golden Rule of Interpretation', Logical Rule of Interpretation an tih bawk  chu tuna kan rawn luhchilh tur hi a ni.

*Literal rule of Interpretation*

Hemi mode of Interpretation in a sawi tum ber chu dân reng reng hi chianglo leh fiahlo (ambiguity) a awm hran lêm loh chuan ziaka a lan dân ang ngau ngau hian kan hrilhfiah tawp mai thin tur a ni tihna a ni a. Hetiang ngaihdan hi keini ram ang, British old style, learning by-rote system la hmang te chuan kan educational system-ah te pawh kan la hmang uar hle a nih hi! Nimahsela, he ngaihdan hian Jurist leh Legal Scholar te zingah inhnialna namenlo a chawk chhuak thung a. Judge discretionary power a hrekbeh avang leh literal error a awm zeuh zeuh thin avangin tunlai khawvel thlirna tharah chuan _delivery of justice_ tak tak a thlen tâwk thin lo ni-a ngaihna a siam phah nasa thin hle! Chutihlai erawh chuan he mode of interpretation hian bias & impartiality _(hleih nei taka thutlûkna)_ lakah erawh mi a veng hle thung.

*Golden rule of Interpretation*

Hemi awmzia ve thung hi chu dân reng reng hi a nih ang leh a ziak ang ngau ngau ni lovin eng nge a sawi tum, engvanga he dân hi siam nge a nih, hei hian eng nge a kawh tih hi dân hrilhfiahna reng rengah chuan kan ngai pawimawh ber tur a ni tihna a ni a. Chu chu 'intent of the legislature' kan tih lai ber pawh hi a ni. He judicious mind hi saptawng thiam vang ngawt emaw google hriatna atang emawa neih ngawt theih a ni hek lo! A hlawha hlawh chhuah ngai a ni. Chutihlai erawh chuan he rule of interpretation hi ramri kham mumal tak nei a nih loh chuan hmansual leh a nihna bâka pawnfân vak theih a ni a. Legislative intent tih hian eng chin nge a kawh tih reh bun mumal tak a awm theih loh avangin hrilhfiah sual pawh a hlauhawm hle! Nimahsela, ziaka dan awm chu chiang lo leh fiah lo (ambiguity) a awm fo thin avang leh dân zawng zawng hi ziaka tarlan fai kîl kêlh theih lohna chin a awm thin avangin Jurisprudentia tarmit atanga thlira, Law of nature nena kaihkawpa hriatfiah kan tum a ngaih châng a awm lo thei thin lova. Chutiang hunah chuan mitin ten ngaihtuahna thûk zâwk (Rational thinking) nena judicious mind kan hman a ngai tak meuh meuh thin a. Hetiangah tak hian saptawng thiam satliah ni lo, legal thinking nei thei tura a field-a chêng leh Jurisprudence tarmit vuah dik thiam an pawimawh ta thin a ni.

*Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution*

A chunga mode of interpretation pahnih kan târlan atang khian India Dânpui Schedule 10-na in Anti-Defection Law a sawi hi hrilhfiah turin khawi rule of interpretation hi nge hman zâwk tur ni ta ang tih chu zawhna inkâu a ni ta a. A tehfung atân chuan he dân ziaka awmah hian chiang tâwk lo (Ambiguity) a awm em, a nihna ang anga chhiarin a famkim tâwk em, tih hi kan chhût a tha ang. Chutianga hrechiang tur chuan Speaker in MLA a banna bung leh châng, para no.2 (b) of Tenth Scheduled hi han zir chiang ila: 

"Disqualification on grounds of defection. This section deals with the crux of the legislation, specifying factors on which a member could be disqualified from the Parliament or the State assembly. Provisions in para 2.1(a) provide disqualification of a member if he or she "voluntarily gives up the membership of such political party", whereas paragraph 2.1(b) provisions, addresses a situation when a member votes or abstains from any crucial voting contrary to the directive circulated by his/her respective political party. Paragraph 2.2 states that any member, after being elected as a representative of a certain political party, shall be disqualified if he/she joins any other political party after the election. Paragraph 2.3 states that a nominated member shall be disqualified if he/she joins any political party after six months from the date he/she takes his seat."

*Conclusion*

A chunga Para 2 of the Tenth of the Indian Constitution khi ngun taka kan chhiar chuan para 2.1 (a)-ah _"voluntarily gives up the membership of such political party"_ tih a chuang a. He para 2.1 (a) ina a sawi 'voluntarily gives up the membership' tih leh 'political party' tih hian mipui thinlungah contextual criticism a siam theih nghal tlat avangin Golden rule of interpretation hi kan apply zâwk a ngaihna chen thui tak a awm phah a ni. He Tenth Schedule hian a kawh ber leh a sawi tum ber chu Legislation nghelnghet a awm zâwkna tura Legislative Assembly member-te a thlang tlingtu mipuite laka uire lo tura vên leh khuahkhirh hi a ni a. Chuta tanga ngaihtuah chuan tuna MLA issue leh he Anti Defection Law chhunga intent of the legislature hi hmehbel theih a lo ni chiah em tih hi mipuite chuan ngaihdan kan siam thiam tawh mai a rinawm. Kan ngaihdan leh pawm dan chin a inang hlawm lo a nih erawh chuan inhrethiam tawn takin *'Let's agree to differ'* kan ti tawh mai a niang chu!!