INDIA PAHNIH - I

“We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true…I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations”

Kum 1893 khan Swami Vivekananda chuan World Parliament of Religions, Chicago a neih ah chuan thu ropui leh hriat zui hlawh tak a sawi a. Chu a thusawi ah chuan India ram ziarang tarlangin rin hrang leh ziarang hrang te zalen taka an lenna, sakhaw hrang hrang te leng taka angkhat a pawm tlan vek a nih thu a tarlang a. Swami Vivekananda hi kum zabi 19-na chho ah ram leh hnam a harhna meichher rawn chhikaitu pawimawh ber te zing a mi ni a hriat a ni a, Jawaharlal Nehru te, Mahatma Gandhi te, C. Rajagopalachari te leh India ram zalenna a sulsutu tam tak te hma lo hruaitu ropui tak a ni. Vivekananda hi Hindu sakhua chawisan tumtu ni mah se sakhuana a kalpui dan leh sakhaw dang leh ze hrang a pawm dan te hi nakin zel a kan sawi tur nen kan la khaikhin dawn a ni. India ram hmathlir a neih ah chuan ‘Ngaihtuahna chu Vedanta(Hindu sakhaw inzirtirna) ang... taksa chu Islam ang’ tiin Hindu leh Muslim inpumkhatna rim nam a tarlang a ni.

‘India’ tih kan lam rik rual a a hming lam tel loh theihloh leh India mipui tam tak rilru a thu leh hla hmang a ram hmangaihna thinlung tuhtu pawimawh ber pakhat Rabindranath Tagore, British ho a dodalna avanga kumpinu chawimawina nopui, ‘Sir’ (knighthood) nihna pe kir ngat khan ‘nationalism’ kalpui fuh loh avanga inhuatna leh daidanna bang siam a, mihring leh mihring inthendarh zawng a kalpui hi a duhloh zawng tak a ni a, hetiang lamah hian khawthlir thiangzau tak a nei a ni. Nehru bawk khan “ _Tagore hi ka ngaihtuahna hruaitu a ni a, Gandhi hi ka pen dan hruaitu a ni_” tiin a lo sawi hial a ni.

India in zalenna a neih dawn ni, 14 August, 1947 khan India ram Prime Minister hmasa ber Jawaharlal Nehru chuan thu ropui tak ‘ _Tryst with Destiny_’ ti a hriat hlawh zui ta chu a sawi a. India in zalenna nei tur a zinkawng thui tak a lo zawh tawh leh India hmakhua tur hmathlir ropui tak a sawi a. Chu a thusawi zingah chuan “ _Tute pawh, eng sakhaw vuantu pawh hi India mi kan ni a, dikna chanvo leh mawhphurhna intluktlang kan nei a ni_” tiin a lo sawi a ni.

India ram danpui duanna atana a khaipa ber, Drafting Committee Chairman, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar khan Bombay Assembly ah “ _He ram ah hian Hindu culture(nunphung) emaw Muhammadan culture emaw Kanarese emaw Gujarati culture bik tan hmun a awm ka hre lo, mi zawng zawng hi Indian ni turin ka duh a, Indian nihna hi a hmasa leh a hnuhnung ah awm se, thildang nilovin…_” tiin a lo sawi a. Sakhuana emaw ziarang pakhat bik dah hmasak na nilo mitin ‘Indian’ nihna a leng tak a kan khawsak ho theihna chu hetih hunlai hian a lo ngaipawimawh tawh a ni.

India ram zalenna sual chanchin sawi apianga a hming lam rik loh a kim lo, Bhagat Singh khan ‘ _Why I Am an Atheist_’ tih a ziak ah chuan a naupan deuh lai atanga ‘atheist’(Pathian awm ringlo) ni tawh niin a insawi a. India ram zalenna atana a martar kha ‘Hindu Lalram’ din turin a martar lo tih a chiang hle bawk.

A chung a ngaihdan hrang hrang kan sawi tak te hian ‘India’ nihphung ( Idea of India) chu chiang takin a tarlang a. Sakhaw hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrang te lungrual taka kan len tlanna kalphung, ‘pluralism’ (pakhat /chi khat aia tam inpawlhsawpna leh pawmtlanna) chu a chung a sawi tak te ngaihdan nen pawh khian a inmil thlap a ni. India ram mi leh sa hrang hrang, inpersan tak tak kan ni chung a kan inpumkhatna ‘Unity in diversity’ , nunphung leh tihphung inpersan tak tak ni chung a inantlanna (uniformity) nilo , inpumkhatna (unity) chu India ram nihphung tarlan dan kawng pawimawh tak pakhat zawk a ni bawk.

A chung a kan sawi tak ep chiah hian ngaihdan leh thlirdan hran hlak a awm a, chu chu RSS fa hrin political party, BJP te ngaihdan pawh hi a ni ta a ni.

1923 khan Vinayak Damodar Savarkar chuan ‘Hindutva’ lehkhabu chu a tichhuak a. Savarkar hian sakhuana firfiak tak a kalpuiin 'Ram leh hnam tan a thahnehngaihna' (nationalism) nen la kawp a, filawr tak a ‘hindu nationalism’ rawn chawilartu a ni. ‘Indian nationalism’ aiah ‘Hindu nationalism’ a kalpui a, Hindutva chu thlarau lam thil mai nilovin Hindu-na chu thuk takin thlahtu bul lam atanga thuhmunna te, hnam ziarang leh tawng te thleng a pumkhatna nen a kalkawp ni a sawiin India ram a an sakhaw piang te leh India ram chu ram thianghlim ang a chhal te chauh Hindu mi niin a ngai. Hindu nihna leh ‘Indian’ nihna chu thil thuhmun anga kalpuiin Hindu nilo te chuan ‘Indian’ nihna ah hian hmun an changlo a ni. RSS lehkhabu tihchhuah pakhat, ‘ _The man and his Mission_’ tih ah chuan Hindu te chu Indian hnam nihna (nationality)kengtu bik ang a ngaih niin Hindutva chu nationalism ang a ngaih a nih thu tarlan a ni. Nehru te India erawh in a ram chin (citizenship based on territory) tehfung ah hmang in, eng sakhua leh hnam pawh ni rawh se British India ram bung huamchhunga awm nih chuan India khua leh tui a ni nghal tihna ni. Sarvarkar erawh chuan ram leh Sakhuana chu a dah hrang lo a, India hi Hindu ram, rinna, sakhua leh hnam ziarang nen a suihzawm tlat a ni.

Savarkar vek hian Congress te a demna ah an thil tihsual lian tak chu hnam ziarang te, sakhuana te thlahtu lam a thuhmunna te ngaihtuah lova ram bung khat huam chhung a khawsakna avanga pumkhat nihna lam an kalpui chu na takin a dem a ni. A lehkhabu "Hindutva" ah pawh ti hian a ziak nghe nghe a ni, " _Muslim leh Christian te chu he ram mi an ni lo, a chhan chu an Sakhaw dan leh dun te hi he ram atanga chhuak a ni ve lo a, chuvangin Hindu ah pawm theih an ni lo._" Chuvang chuan Christian leh Muslim chu Sarvarkar a India ah kan leng ve lo a ni. Hei hian Savarkar a ngaihdan chiang taka tarlangin tun a India ram chhung a rin hrang, hnam hrang, ze hrang leh tawng hrang te ram bung khat chhung a cheng a ‘pumkhat nihna’ (territorial nationalism) pawm dan kalh chiah hian sakhuana te, hnam ziarang te, tawng thuhmun nihna te hmang a ‘pumkhat nihna’ ( cultural nationalism) kalpui a tum hi a bikin hnam tenau zawk leh sawkhaw zuitu tlem zawk te tan thil thalo leh hlauhawm tak a ni.

1920 chho ah khan British awpbehna ata talchhuak tur a beihna kawngah Gandhi a ngaihdan, ‘Hindu-Muslim tanrualna’ pawmlotu langsar tak zingah chuan Savarkar a zirtirna pawmtu, Congress mi leh sa ni thin, KB Hedgewar a tel a. (Hedgewar hi 1998 ah Vajpayee (BJP) sorkarin kum 1999 khan a kum 110 na pualin postage stamp a siam hial a ni.) Hedgewar hi India in zalenna a sual lai khan Gandhi a hmalaknaa a tel duhlo leh tello tura a mi leh sa te fuihtu kha a ni a. Gandhi hmalakna ah a tel a, Jail a a tan tum pawhin a tum ber chu an pawl (Sangh) zirtirna thutlung ‘Hindutva’ midang hnen a tuh a ni tih a chanchin ziakna RSS in an tihchhuah chuan a tarlang nghe nghe. 1923 ah chuan Savarkar a zirtirna chhawmnungtu, Hedgewar chuan pawl pakhat, Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh ( RSS) chu a lo din ta a a ni. RSS hi a tir te ah chuan NGO angin an awm ber a, Hindu nunphung leh ziarang chawisanna leh inzirtirna a ni ber. Hetih vel lai hian political party pahnih, Hindu Mahasabha leh Muslim League a awm bawk a ni. (RSS leh Hindu Mahasabha mi leh sa ni kawp, Nathuram Godse chuan 1948 khan Mahatma Gandhi chu Muslim te hmakhua ngai lutuk ni a ngaiin a kaphlum a ni).

Hedgewar a hnungzuitu leh kum 30 chuang zet RSS hotu leh thluak bur, M.S Golwalkar chuan Savarkar a zirtirna kha chhawmnung zelin a lehkhabu ziak ‘ _Bunch of Thoughts_’ ah chuan Hmakhawsang ata tawh India ram chu Hindu te ta a ni a, Muslim te leh Kristian te chu pawn lam mi India runtu ( invaders) mai an ni tiin a sawi a. He lehkhabu ah vek hian Kristian ten an sakhuana thil an kalpui zel chungchang a ngaimawh zia thui takin a ziak a, Hindu ho tan pawm theih a nih lohzia nen. Hei mai hi duhtawk lovin a lehkhabu ziak ‘ _We, or Our Nationhood Defined_’ ah chuan Germany a Hitler-a vanglai tarlangin German ho in hnamdang ho (a bikin Jews thisen kai) tharum hmang a ti mang vek tura an beihna chu hnam hrang leh thlah hrang te pumkhat an nih theihlohzia tarlanna a nih thu leh Hindu te pawhin Hindustan dinna tur kawngah zirlai an zirna tur hmanrua niin chhuang takin a tarlang a ni. ‘Nation’ chu enge ni tih a lehkhabu ah khian a hrilhfiah bawk a, a ziahdan chuan nation chu culture, tawng, sakhaw inang, thil thuhmun intawm a ti a. Chu a thil thuhmun tih chu Hindu tawng un (Sanskrit hmang tute), sakhua leh culture te a ni a. Chumi thuhmunna a tel ve lo chu Indian ah pawm theih an nilo a ti bawk a ni.

1934 ah chuan All India Congress Committee chuan resolution siam in Congress mi leh sa chu Hindu Mahasabha , RSS leh Muslim League ah tel a remti ta lova. Hun a lo kal zel a, sakhuana behchhan a kal, Savarkar pawh President (1937) a lo nih tawhna, Hindu Mahasabha leh Savarkar a zirtirna a lo piang, RSS chuan insuihfin an rel ta a. Hetih laia RSS hotu, Gowalkar (Hedgewar thlaktu) chuan lo remti a, political party pakhat ah inchhunfinin 1951 ah ‘Bharatiya Jana Sangh’ a lo piang ta a ni. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya, ‘Hindutva’ chhawmnungtu lar tak chu 1967-68 chhung he party president hi a ni zui a ni. Upadhyaya hi BJP ideology duangtu pawimawh tak ni a ngaih a ni a. A hma a mi, Golwalkar ngaihdan ang lo deuh khan a ni hi chuan Muslim te chu Hitler an Juda a suat ang a suat lovin ‘ _India mi ang a an nun_’ a ngai a ni a ti a. Hindu te chu chaw ang a tehkhinin Muslim te chu vaivut ang an ni a, chaw a vaivut a awm chuan a bawlhhlawh thin a, thenfai emaw, Muslim te chu ‘ _India mi pangngai_’ ang a siam an ngai a ni a ti.

Upadhyaya thih hnuah 1977 khan Bharatiya Jana Sangh chu opposition party dangte nen infinin Indira Gandhi sawrkar paih thla turin ‘Janata Party’ an din a. Janata Party hi RSS inrawlh chungchanga ngaihdan inan loh avangin an phel leh a; a hma a RSS nen a inchhunfin a piang, Bharatiya Jana Sangh te khan Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) an din ta a ni. Narendra Modi sorkar chuan Upadhyaya hming chawi hian India ram a hmun pawimawh hrang hrang leh sawrkar policy pawimawh tak tak hming a lo thlak nual nghe nghe a ni. 2002 khan BJP kaihhruai NDA sorkar laiin Port Blair International Airport chu ‘Veer Savarkar International Airport’ tiin thlak a lo ni tawh bawk.

Prime Minister, Narendra Modi hi RSS a chhum hmin niin ‘pracharak’ lo ni tawh a ni a, Home Minister, Amit Shah pawh hi ABVP a tel thin a ni bawk. Modi kaihhruai Sorkar hmasa kum 2014-a a din khan BJP Minister 66 zing a 41 chu RSS mi leh sa an ni bawk. BJP President Amit Shah hi RSS meeting pawimawh ah vawi engemawzat a tel a. Sorkar thutlukna pawimawh tak tak sawipui tur hian RSS hotu lu te hi a dawr fo a ni.

A tir lam a kan tarlan te leh a hnuhnung lam a kan tarlan te ‘India’ chu a inpersanzia kan hre thei awm e. Hindutva ideology pawmtu te India ah chuan Christian leh Muslim kan leng ve lo a, kum zabi 20-na a pawl hlauhawm ber Nazi ho thil tihdan pawm tute India chuan sakhaw hrang hrang zalen taka awmkhawm theihna India hi an pawm ve lo a. Hetiang ang ngaihdan hlauhawmzia hi Hannah Arendt khan a lehkhabu ‘ _The Origin of Totalitarianism_’ ah khan chiang takin a ziak nghe nghe a, " _mihring leh a pawl ang te a kan danglamna (plurality) nuaibo tumna kha Holocaust thlentu ber_" a ti ni.

Danglamna leh inanlohnate in ang vek tura hrut rual tumna leh danglamna nuaibo tumna hian rah tha a chhuah ngailo a. India mi leh sa te kan danglamna zawng zawng te kar a inpumkhatna pawmtu leh kan danglamna pawmlotu, a khawi zawk hi nge i thlan dawn?

- Anthony Lalchhuanmawia, 

Research Scholar,

School of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Bombay,

Lawmsangzuali, 

Research Scholar,

Centre for English Studies,JNU,New Delhi,

Vanlalruata Royte

Aizawl