INDIA EMERGENCY HROHRANGNA BER HRIAT RENGNAN

"Indira is India, India is Indira"

- DK Barooah 

President, Congress 1975-77

June 25, 1975 zan lai dar 12: 00 rik hma minute rei lote a la awm tihin India President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed chuan Prime Minister Indira Gandhi hnen ațanga ziaka lehkha a hmuh angin Article 352 "internal disturbance" tlawh chhanin National Emergency puanna tur hming chu a ziah hnan ta rup mai. Thla 19 chhung he National Emergency hian a awh a, hemi chhunga thil thleng hi Indian ramin tawng nawn leh se ti pakhat mah an awm lo ang.  He hun rei zawng hi June 25,1975 ațanga March 21, 1977 niin, ni 614 a awh a, thla 20  zet a ni. 

He Emergency hi a hrohrang a nain a tawrh hlelhawm tak zet a, Fundamental Rights zawng zawng hlih vek a nih avangin RIGHT TO LIFE thleng a khawih a, Attorney General chuan hetiang hian a sawi "Even if life was taken away illegally, Courts are helpless".

Amnesty International chhut dan chuan Emergency chhung hian mihring man leh tantir zat hi 140,000 zet niin, Punjabi ho hi a tuar nasa ber zinga ngaih an ni a, mi 40,000 zet tan tir nia ngaih a ni. Fundamental rights hlih anih bakah Freedom of Press pawh hlih vek a niin Chanchinbua thil chhuah tur zawng zawng pawh Sorkarin a endik (censored) vek bawk.

India President hian Emergency puan theih chi thum a nei. National Emergency Article 352, State Emergency Article 356, Economic Emergency, Article 360.

Gyan Prakash, historian chuan "BR Ambedkar khan eng vangin nge hetiang emergency puan theihna dan hi a lo pek le?" a ti hial reng a. 

National Emergency hi vawithum  puan a ni tawh a, vawikhatna leh vawihnihna hi Indona vang ve ve a puan a nih laiin a vawithumna erawh hi chu ram chhung buai (internal disturbance) vanga puan a ni.

1. China aggression, 26 October 1962 to 10, January, 1968

2. Pakistan War 3 December 1971 - 21 March, 1977 (He Emergency hlih anih hma hian Emergency vawithumna puan a ni)

3. Internal disturbance, 25 June 1975 to 21 March, 1977

ENG NGE A CHHAN :

 He Emergency thawmna leh vin zet mai puan hma hian India ram state hrang hrangah politics thila inngeih lohna leh buaina lian tak tak Prime Minister hmasa ber Pandit Jowaharlal Nehru thih hnu kum 1969 ațang khan a rawn irh chhuak țan a, kha kha he Internal disturbance tlawh chhan Emergency puan bul ințanna bul a nih thu Indian historian tam takin an ngai. Congress Party chhungah buaina awmin Party pawh a phel phah hial a, hruaitu upa leh hlun zawk Congress (O) O= Organization or Old party, Morarji Dessai te lam, an ni hian Congress symbol bawng pahnih leilehna hàl hnuk an chang zui a,  Indira Gandhi lam țang, a phel zawk(break away) Congress (R) R = Requisition) chu symbol thar bawngpui leh a note hnute hne lai chu pek an ni a. He Congress Party chhung buaina ațang hian senior leader Nehru tha chhang dawltu Morarji Desai chu Congress hruaitu anga hriat zui a hlawh ta lo a ni.He symbol bawngpui leh a note hnute hne lai lem hi vawihnih 1971,77 ah an hmang. Congress (R) hian 1971 general election ah khan seat 518 ațangin 352 MP an nei hial a, a phel zawka lang kha Congress (O) lam an din chhunzawm zel loh avangin a ziding dinhmun a rawn luah leh ta a ni. Historian lar tak Ramachandran Guha chuan 1971 General Election a hnehna ațang khan "Congress (R) hi Congress dik tak zawka ngaih an ni a, hming tawpah engmah dahzui a ngai tawh lo", a ti.

1971 General Election a hnehna avang hian Executive leh Judiciary chu Prime Minister Office thu hnuai ațanga țham khawm tumna chu a lian tial tial a, hemi avang hian India ram hmun tam taka duh lohna a lian tial tial a. India ram hruaitu hlun leh kum upa lam pawhin he buaina hi an thlawp chho hle.

1974 kum tir lamah thil man pung nasa lutuk avangte, corruption nasat vang leh hna thawh tur van avangin Bihar leh Gujarat ah zirlaiten nawrhna an huaihawt a. April 1974 ah Jayaprakash Narayan "Total Revolution" a puang a, zirlai, loneitu, labour union te chu tharum hmang lova India society siam țha turin a fuih a, thla khat emaw hnu lekah Railway Employees Union chuan rampum huap nawrhna a, Indira Gandhi Sorkar chuan he nawrhna tharum nen rawng takin a hmet mit a. Railway hnathawk sang tam tak lunginah tan tirin an nupui fanaute chu Quarter ațangin a hnawt chhuak bawk a.

INDIRA GANDHI INTHLAN THU BUAI :

Lok Sabha 5 na inthlan 1971 ah khan India ram MP neih zat chu 518 a la ni a, Congress (R) hian 352 la hmun thuma țhena hmun hnih 346 aia tam an hmu phak hial a. Hei vang hian India Constitution Amendment lar tak 42nd Amendment pawh an tih theih phah a ni. Indira Gandhi pawh Raebareli bial ațanga thlan tlin niin Prime Minister a ni zui a.

1971 General Election ah hian Freedom fighter Raj Narayan chuan Raebareli bialah chuan India Priyadarshini Gandhi hi Socialist Party hmingin a khing a.

RAJ NARAYAN :

Raj Narayan hi  India ram chhungkaw hlun Narayan Dynasty thlah kal zel a ni a, 1934 chho ațanga India independent sualna Mahatma Gandhi, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jowaharlal Nehru etc te hnung zuitua ni a, Quit India movement 1942 lai pawha Students Congress President ni chunga a meizang hlaptu zinga tel tawh a ni nghe nghe a, thiamna lamah pawh MA, LL B a ni. India Independence sual chhung khan ram tan politics vangin vawi 58 lunginah a tang hman a, a tan chhung belh khawm hi kum 15 a tling hial a ni. Raj Narayan hian Indira Gandhi hi 1977 General Election ah khan Raebareli bialah hian hnehin 1977-79 chhung Morarji Desai Sorkarah khan Union Health Minister a ni nghe nghe. 

Indira Gandhi hian 1971 inthlan țuma Raj Narayan a hneh khan, voter te hnena sum sem, invau beh leh Sawrkar chakna (Government machinery) hmang nasa lutuk tiin  Allahabad High Court ah Raj Narayan chuan a khing a. Dan thiam hmingthang Shanti Bushan a ruai a, Indira Gandhi pawh a tal buai hle a, Court ah amah ngei ding tura koh a ni nghe nghe a, India Prime Minister nilai hetianga koh hmasak ber a ni.

June 12, 1975 khan Allahabad High Court Justic Jagmohanlal Sinha  chuan Election a Sawrkar chakna hmang nasa lutuk a puhnaah Indira Gandhi chu thiam loh chan tirin, kha inthlannaa Indira Gandhi tlinna kha rin tlak loh leh hnawl (null and void) ah puangin Lok Sabha member anihna pawh hlip nghalin kum ruk chhung inthlan chuh thei lo turin thu pek a chhuah a.

He thu tlukna hi Indira Gandhi chuan Supreme Court ah a khing zui nghal a. Supreme Court Justice VK Krishna Iyer chuan High Court thu lo rem tawh chu nem nghetin Indira Gandhi chu Prime Minister anihna anga a hamțhatna dawn zawng zawng tawp nghal turin a ti zui a. Court thu tih tlukna khin let leh chhung atan Prime Minister anihna chu hlihsak a ni lo thung a, Parliament ah vote neih ve pawh a khapsak nghal a.

Hemi ni ațang hian opposition hruaitu Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) ho chuan anti Govt protest an buatsaih nghal a. A tuk June 25, 1975 phei chuan Delhi khawpuia Ramlila ground ah rampum huap Satyagraha, Indira Gandhi bang tura nawrna a buatsaih zui nghal a,JP chuan thu a sawi a, he Sorkar hian thu neih theihna a hloh tawh a, Police, Army, Civil Officer te chu order eng ang pawh dawng se awih lo leh hnawl turin a chahin, he Sorkar hi rorel theihna a nei tawh lo a ti a, hemi ni vek hian George Fernández hovin Railway national strike buatsaih a ni bawk a. Chu thu chu chang chawiin, ram chhunga helna rilru put tumna lian tak a ni tiin Article 352 a "internal disturbance" tlawh chhanin hemi zan lai dar 12: 00 rik hma deuh hian Indira Gandhi chuan ziakin President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed chu Emergency a puan tir ta a ni.

Emergency puan ațanga darkar thum hnuah chuan India ram Chanchinbu lian zawng zawng electric line chu tih tawp nghal a ni a. Khawvar hma ațangin Opposition leader ho leh Indira Gandhi ep zawnga mi nia hriat chu an man nghal deuh vek a, Raj Narayan pawh kha bitum hmasak ber zinga mi a ni.

He Emergency puan rawtna hi Cabinet pawh rawn hman lova, hmanhmawh leh hnawhsarum taka Indira Gandhi thil tih niin, Cabinet member te hrilh hma darkar khatah Indira Gandhi hian India ram mipuite hriata Emergency puan anih thu sawi turin All India Radio kalin a lo puang fel vek tawh a. Cabinet pawh hmanhmawh taka a tuk 26 June, 1975 zing dar 6:00  khan koha pawm tir a ni.

INMAN RUNPUI :

Emergency puan tuk ațang hian mipuite dikna leh an right zawng zawng hlih fai vek a nih avangin mipui tan thiam thu sawi theih a ni lo.

 Khawvar hma ațanga Police te chu man hna thawk nghal tura thu pek vin leh khawng tak dawngin opposition hruaitu lar Jayaprakash Narayan, LK Advani, Morarji Desai, Vijayaraje Scindia, AB Vajpayee, Charan Singh, Arun Jaitley leh mi dang tam tak man nghal an ni.

 Mizo zingah pawh Emergency avanga man leh lungin tang hi  engemaw zat an awm a, Brig. T. Sailo, Pu R. Vanlawma, Pu C. Vulluaia, Pi Sanglianchhungi etc te an ni. Pi Sanglianchhungi khan Jail tang chungin Mizoram MP kum 1977 khan a chuh ve nghe nghe. 

Amnesty International in mihring man zat hi 1,40,000 atih laiin Shah Commission chuan mihring 1,11,000 hi Preventive Detention Law hmanga man niin a sawi thung.

Emergency chhunga Sorkarin dan a lek lar zual te :

1.MISA =Maintenance of Internal Security Act 1971

2. AFSPA = Armed Forces Special Power Act 1958

3. COFEPOSA = Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act 1974.

FORCED STERILISATION :

"India has a dark history of sponsored population control, often with eugenic aims - targeting the poor and underprivileged".

"An astonishing 6.2 millions Indian men were sterilised in just a year, which was " 15 times the number of people sterilised by the Nazis".

BBC.com (14 Nov. 2014)

Indira Gandhi fapa naupang zawk Sanjay Gandhi Sorkara eng dinhmun leh nihna pakhat mah nei lo khan  Emergency lai Prime Minister ang maia thu neihna a nei a, Sanjay Gandhi hian India ram mipui pungchak lutuk venna atan nau nei thei lo tura insiam luihtir (forced sterilisation) na takin a kalpui a, State Sorkar zawng zawngah thupek khauh tak pek vek an ni bawk. 1976 - 77 chhung khan mihring nuai 830 insiam luih tir an ni a, a hma kumah nuai 270 insiam luih tir an ni bawk. Hemi hun chhunga insiam luih tir tak tak zat   hi engzat tak ni ang maw? 

He forced mass sterilisation hi a tirah kutdawh leh retheite bitum deuh tum angin lang mahse a nih loh zia chu a lang chiang hle.

He mass sterilisation ah hian state/UT te bakah Sawrkar hnathawk thlenga insiam tir tur zat bi tuk sak an ni bawk.

Uttawar thingtlang khua Delhi ațanga 80 km vela hlaah pawh Police hovin aurinna hmangin insiam tir turin mi an ko khawm a, mi 400 vel chiah a tirah an kal khawm a, Police ho chu lungawi lovin mi inah an lut lui a, mi 800 lai forced sterilisation ti tur chuan khawrh chhuakin an tih sak. Maharashtra state a mi pakhat S. Ghalake pawh insiam tura hruai luih chu a insiam tawh thu a sawi a, vuak anih hnuah insiam tura zai nawn leh a ni. State tam takah kum upa tawh kum 70 chung lam mipa, ha pawh nei mumal tawh lote tih luih an ni. 

He forced mass sterilisation ah hian hmeichhia chauh fa nei thei lo tura siam an ni lova, mipa pawh fa nei thei tawh lo tura insiam til rehsak (vasectomy) tih tir an ni bawk.

Shah Commission report țhenkhatin a sawi danin tih luihnain Youth Congress worker te leh Police ten mi retheite vau betin insiamna clinic ah an hruai țhin. Auto rickshaw driver te pawh an license renew turin til lakna (sterilisation) certificate neih kher a ngai. 

MIZOTE LEH INSIAM :

He insiam luihna thupek khauh tak hi a hunlai Mizoram UT Sorkar (PC ministry) khan India ram state dangte ang thovin an dawng ve ngei ang tih chu rinhlelh chi a ni lo. Insiam tir tur zat bi tuk leh a thawktute pawh khan state dang ang bawkin bi tuksak an nih avang khan, Health Department hnuaia thawkte khan hmeichhe fa ngah deuhte tana ngaihthlak hreawm tak, diriam leh cheksawlhna țawngkam kha an chhak chhuak nasa țhin hle a, hei vang hian 1975 hnu lamah hian Mizo zingah unau piang rual tak, changkang loa ngaihna a awm tak avangin hmuh tur an tlem ta khawp mai.

MIPUI AN RÜM :

India ram pumpuiah Police ten mi tupawh eng pawi nge an sawi tih hriat lohin an man theih vek a, an chhungte hrilh lovin rei tak an hreng thei.

Political prisoner tam tak te kha an tanna lunginah vau leh tih retheih, kut thlak an tuar nasa.

Sipai leh police kawl laia thi (Custodial death) hi tam tak a awm a, Sorkarin record a neih loh avangin a zat hriat a ni lo. 

Sorkarin Press & Media zawng zawng a thunun (censored) vek a, forced mass sterilisation fakna thu ziak chhuah uar tura tih an ni.

Congress hruaitu Pranab Mukherjee hi a ruk thei ang bera Indira Gandhi politial opponent te man tura  Sanjay Gandhi țanpuitu niin Shah Commission chuan a hre bawk. 

Kum 1976 kum bul lamah zaithiam lar Kishore Kumar chu Congress Party Rally ah zai tura an sawmnaah a kal lova, Information & Broadcasting Minister VC Shukla chuan unofficial in All India Radio, Doordarshan te chu May 4,1976 ațanga Kishore Kumar zai tichhuak lo turin a tih avangin Emergency hlih hma chhung kha India ram puma AIR station zawng zawng leh DDK ten a zai an tichhuak lo.

Emergency chhung hian Indian Federal Principle chu nasa taka bawh chhiat a ni a, State Sorkar a hmingin awm mahse a takah chuan Central thu neihna vek a ni.

High Court tam tak leh Supreme Court ten 1976 kum hian negative judgment an siam ni a hriat a ni.

Thla 18  hnu January 23,1977 khan Indira Gandhi chuan March 16-20, 1977 a inthlan a puang a, politician leh activist ho lungin tangte a chhuah a, Opposition party hruaitu pawimawh zawng zawng lungina khung vek an nih avangin Congress party lo tan thla khat hi inthlan inbuatsaihna atan tlem lutuka ngaih a ni.

1977 inthlanah hian Raebareli bialah Indira Gandhi chu Raj Narayan bawk hneh lovin a tla a, a fapa Sanjay Gandhi pawh Amethi bial ațangin a tling zo lo  bawk.

A hnua Janta Party sorkar khan Article 352 chhunga "internal disturbance" tih tlawh chhana Emergency an puan kha "Arm rebellion" in an thlak. (44th Amendment).

March 1977 General Election a tling Janata Party khan Emergency chhunga thil thleng chhui chiang turin Shah Commission a ruat a, a thil hmuh chhuah report te bawhzui thei lovin Janata Sorkar kha  July 16,1979 khan a tlu a, heta dik lo taka official record tih chingpennaa inhnamhnawiha puh IAS Officer tam tak chu hrem lohin an chhuah phah a ngaih a ni.

January 1980, General election ah Congress chu hneh takin a tling a Indira Gandhi pawh Prime Minister a ni leh a, June 23, 1980 khan a fapa Sanjay Gandhi chu thlawhna che sualin a thi a, Indira Gandhi pawh a term hmang pum lovin October 31, 1984 khan a security guard kutah rawng taka kah hlum a ni. 

Indian political history a hriat reng tlak loh Emergency chu March 21 1977 chuan a chhuanlam ngai hmanga puan nawn theih tawh loh turin zial fel a ni ta. 

Sources :

The Times of India

The Hindu

thelogicalindia.com

Wikipedia - Emergency

The Indian Express

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Huna Kawlvawm