- K. Remruatfela
M.A. (Public Admin.); LL.M (Corporate Law) & Ph.D Research Scholar
Serchhip hi Mizo history-a mi hmingthang tak tak ten sulhnu an lo hnutchhiah tawhna hmun a ni a. Chutihlaia Mizo history sawi nikhua reng renga hmun laili a luah ve ngai hauh lo hi thil mak tak a tling! A khaw tobul leh a hming put chhan chungchang te pawh hi sawi tur thahnem tak a awm a. Nimahsela, tun tumah chuan chutiang lam hrut lovin, Zofate enna bul, Mary Winchester (Zoluti) man a nih dan leh chumi hnua lak let leh a nih dan chungchangah Mizo Historian leh Serchhip Pa te khan eng hi an lo hmuh hmaih thin tih lam kan chhui hrih zawk ang.
Serchhip hmuna mihring cheng kan chhui theih hmasak ber chu Mizo lal ropui, Lallula a ni a. Kum 1774 – 1777 inkar vel khan Serchhip tlang hi a lo luah tawh a, a fanu neih chhun, Thlanrawn an rawt ri chawia a phuah Ridawpi pawhin heta an awm lai hian Chhim lam Sailo lal Rolura fapa Lianzaluta (Tlurpawrha an ti bawk) chu pasalah a nei nghe nghe. Serchhip tlang a chuan laia a inhmun pawh vawiin thleng hian la humhalh a ni. Nimahsela, kum 3 vel erh awrh chauh a awm hman tihin kum 1777 khan Diarkhaiah a insuan a. Hemi hnu hian Serchhip hi rei tak a ram zui leh ta a.
Kum 1856 -1889 chhunga chhim leh hmar indo a lo chhuah khan chhim lam lal, Lalpuithanga hote chuan Serchhip tlang hi an ro phûm rûk nan an lo hmang a. An ro tha ber ber – Thi leh Dâr leh thil hlu dang an neih ang ang an rawn phûm ru a. Chhim leh Hmar Indo a zawh a, a ralmuang ta deuha an hriat hnu chuan chu an ro phûm rûk chu an hâi chhuak leh hlawm a. Mahse, an hai chhuak kim tawk lo nge, a hnu deuhah pawh Dâr te, Thi te an thai chhuak leh nawlh thin a. Chutianga Ro hlu tak, Thi leh Dâr te an thai chhuah leh nawlh thin avang chuan, beiseina nen an thai leh thin a. Chuvang chuan ‘Rothai Pûk’ an ti ta a ni. He pûk hi vawiin thleng hian hmuh tur a la awm.
Chhim leh hmar indo zawh hnu kum rei vak lovah Sailam lal ropui, Bengkhuaia chuan a farnu Lalrumi chu a khua leh tui thenkhatte nen tlang hran chang ve turin Serchhip tlangah hian a tir chho a. A lal hun chhung hi kum 1865 – 1880 bawr vela hriat a ni. Kum 15 chhung vel chu Serchhip khua hi a awp hmanin a lang. A in hmun pawh vawiin thlenga la humhalh leh vawnhim a la ni. Lalrumi`n Serchhip a awp lai hian a nau, Lalthangthluaii chu a pasal neihna hmun Reiek-ah a thi ta hlauh mai a. A nau ral tura a kal chu cham hlen ta in Reiek Lal nupuiah a awm zui ta ta daih a. Chutia an lal berin a pem san takah chuan Bengkhuaia fapa, Lalhrima chuan Serchhip tlang chu a chang chhunzawm ta nghal a ni.
Lalrumi`n Serchhip a awp hun lai chho kha Sailam ropui vanglai a ni a. Bengkhuaia khan Sailam hmun atangin khaw sarih (7) lai a awp khawm a. Chung a khaw sarih (7) awp zingah chuan Kawlri Tlang pawh hi a tel a ni. Kâwlri hmunah hian a farnu Chhâwnthiangi pasal, Zângkûna chu Sa ngal khawngin a awm tir a. Serchhip tlang erawh a farnu in a luah avangin Sailam lal ram chhungah a tel ve lova. Kawlri erawh a lal ram chhung a nih avangin Bengkhuaia hian khaw thar kaiin rei tak a awm chilh a. Kawlri a kai dawn hian a fapa Thawngliana chu Sailam tlanga lal turin a dah a. Ni 21 January, 1872-a Mary Winchester (Zoluti) lak let a nih hunlai pawh kha Kawlri hmuna a awm lai tak a ni.
Bengkhuaia`n Kawlri hmun a luah lai hian Serchhip hmunah erawh a farnu Lalrumi a lal thung tih hi Serchhip pa ngeite pawh khan an lo hre fuh tawk lo thin niin a lang. Nimahsela, kan hriat tur chu Lalrumi hi nula mai a la nih avangin lalna leh thuneihna tak tak erawh Bengkhuaia hian a chang vek thung. Hetih hunlaia Lalrumi khua leh tui leh an thlah kal zelte chu tuna Serchhip mi te hi an ni hlawm a. Kawlri hmuna awm te ho erawh an thlah kal zelte chu tun thleng hian Sailamah an la awm hlawm thung.
Ni 21 January, 1872-a Sailam lal ram chhung, Kawlri hmuna Mary Winchester lak let a nih hnu lawkah khan sap hovin phuba an rawn lak hlauvin Kawlri hmuna awm zawng zawngte chu Bengkhuaia hmunpui, tuna Sailam hmunah hian suan chhoh vek an ni a. Thenkhat Sailama cheng mekte zuk fin aia Serchhip hmuna pem duh duh zawk thahnem tak an awm bawk a. Chutia khua leh tui ten Kawlri an rauhsan tak vek hnuah chuan hun rei tak chu Kawlri hmun pawh a ram zui leh ta a ni.
Kawlri a ram hnu kum rei vak lovah Bengkhuaia hmeifa, Kamlova chuan Kawlri hmun bawkah chuan bawk a khawh leh tan a. Chu a bawk khawhna hmun chu vawiin thleng hian ‘Bawkawk hmun’ ti-a hriat zui a la ni. Nimahsela, Kamlova chuan rei a awm hmain kum 1897 velah khan Thenzawl hmunah tlang hran a zuk din leh ta daih a. Chutia, an lal berin a tia vai san takah chuan, a nau Lalhrima, Serchhip lal chuan Kawlri chu Serchhip tlang atangin a awm kawp ta a. Khua leh tuite pawh in fin chhovin chuta tang chiah chuan tun hmaa Sailam ram chhung ni thin, Kawlri hmun chu Serchhip ram chhung a lo ni ta a ni. Lalhrima`n Serchhip leh Kawlri a awp kawp hnu rei vak lovah hian ei leh bar awlsamna zawk zawngin a chheh vel hmun dang, Changbawk, Saisih an tih hmunah te khaw thar a kai pui a. Chutia a vah darh a vah darh pui hnu chuan kum 1903 khan Serchhip tlangah bawk hian a let pui leh a. Chuta tang chuan vawiin thleng hian Serchhip hmun hi mei mit lovin a la awm ta ngar ngar a ni.
A mi nawlpuiin ziak leh chhiar kan thiam tawh hnua puitling chinin an hriat chinah Kawlri hmun hi Serchhip ram chhung a lo nih tawh avang hian hun hmasa zawkah Kawlri hi Sailam lal ram chhung a lo ni thin hi Mizo historian leh Serchhip Pa ngeite pawh hian an lo hre fuh thin lo niin a lang a. Kum 1872 hun lai history chhuinaa Serchhip leh Kawlri kan lo sawi pawlh a, Sailam kan lo sawi hran fo thin avangin a tul lovah kan lo buai mai mai thin ni te pawhin a lang. Mary Winchester (Zoluti) lak let a nih hun lai kha chuan Serchhip leh Kawlri hi khua leh tui hran neiin khaw hrang daih a la ni a. Kawlri hmuna mihring lo awmte kha tuna Sailam mi tam tak te an ni a. Serchhip hmuna khua leh tuite erawh tuna Serchhip mi tam tak thlahtute hi an ni thung tih hi lo hre chiang fak tawh ila chuan he Zoluti lak let lehna inchuh hi a awm lo ang tih a rin theih.
Heng a hma lama kan sawite khi rin thu mah ni lovin a nih a nih zia lo tarlang chhunzawm zel ila. James Winchester thata, Mary Winchester rawn hawntu kha Pasaltha Chawma hi a ni tih erawh hi chu Mizo Historian leh Serchhip leh Sailam mipuite pawhin thukhat vuain kan pawm tlang niin a lang a, Serchhip lal, Lalrumi Pasaltha a ni. A dam laia a inhmun hi vawiin thleng hian Serchhip khawhluiah hmuh theiha la humhalh a ni a. A thlan erawh hmuh zawh a ni tawh lo. A u fapa leh a rokhawmtu, Dolenga thlan erawh Serchhip khawhluiah hian hmuh tur a la awm thung. Ni 27 January, 1871-a Alexandrapore thingpui huan run a nih tum khan Zoluti rual hian sal dang, a hnua Kawri an tih zui tak rawn hawn tel a ni a. Ani erawh lak let ni ve tawh lovin Serchhip tlangval Suakpuia chu pasalah a nei zui a. A thlah kal zel te pawh vawiin thleng hian Serchhip Vengchungah thahnem tak an la awm.
Tin, Bengkhuaia`n a lal ram chhung Kawlri hmuna a awm laia a Pasaltha hmingthang tak an sawi thin chu Pasaltha Thanghleia a ni a. Sai 13 leh Savawm 5 lai a kaphlum a ni. Amah hi Bengkhuaia hova Sâilâma an chhoh hmaa boral a ni a. A thlanlung hi nikum lawk khan Kawlri hmunah hian hmuhchhuah niin uluk taka humhalh a ni. Pasaltha Thanghleia fapa hming chu Saithantluanga a ni a. Saithantluanga fanu hming chu Saikungi ni lehin chutiang zel chuan an tu leh fa te hmingah pawh ‘Sai’ tih a tel zel a. Hei hi a awmzia ber chu Pasaltha Thanghleia thlah kal zelte chu Sailama hmuna piang an nih hlawm vang a ni. Chu ringawt pawh chuan Mary Winchester (Zoluti) lak let a nih laia Kawlri hmuna khua leh tuite chu tuna Sailam hmuna chengte hi an ni tih a finfiah chiang hle awm e!
Zoluti man tu, Pasaltha Chawma laichin thlah ziding, Lianhmingthanga ngei pawh khan a pu, Pasaltha Chawma chanchin a ziahnaah Serchhip leh Kawlri hi a ziah pawlh nawk nawk tho a. A chang leh Pasaltha Chawma in hmun chu Kawlri-ah awmin Zoluti chu thla 3 a kawl hnuah Bengkhuaia hnenah Sailamah a va dah pheia te a ti thul! Chutiang chiah bawk chuan ziaktu dang dangte pawhin Pasaltha Chawma hi Kawlri-a awm thin angah an ziak chho ta zel a. Nimahsela, Pasaltha Chawma In hmun leh a rokhawmtu, Dolenga thlan te pawh Kawlri ni lo, Serchhip khawhluiah zawk vawiin thleng hian hmuh tur a la awm reng si a. Hei hian Mizo Historian leh Serchhip pa te mai bakah Zoluti man tu, Pasaltha Chawma laichin la kal zelte pawh hian Serchhip leh Kawlri hi an lo hriatpawlh nasa thin hle tih a hriat a. Zoluti lak let leh a nih hun lai kha chuan Serchhip leh Kawlri hi hmun khat ni lovin, khaw hrang daih, lal hrang nei an ni tih hi an chiang bik lo hle tih min hriat chhuah tir thei awm e. Mizo history chhuina kawngah Kawlri leh Serchhip hi i hriat pawlh tawh lo hram ang u.
Mizo mipui thinlungah hian Bengkhuaia tih leh Sailam tih hi a inzawm tlat a ni tih hi phat rual a ni lova. A chhan chu Bengkhuaia ropui vanglai, sang khua a din tih hiala an sawi thin hunlai kha Bengkhuaia`n Sailam a awp lai a ni a. A lal ram zau zelin khaw sarih (7) lai a awp kawp a. Chung zingah chuan Kawlri hmun pawh hi a tel a ni tih kan tarlan tawh nghe nghe kha! Mipui thinlungah Bengkhuaia leh Sailam hi a inzawm tlat tawh avangin kan Historian hmasa ten Bengkhuaia hnen atanga Zoluti lak let lehna hmun chu tuna Sailam khua hi a ni ti-a Sailam an lo tinzawn char char kha an demawm reng reng lova. History ziahnaa a ram chhung hmun chipchiar aia a changtupa ber, a lal ram neitu thut hmun ngei awmna hmun tarlan pawh hi thil ti awm tak pawh a ni tho mai. Zoluti lak let lehna hmuna Sailam tih an lo ziak hi a dik em em tho a ni.
Mingote erawh an lo ti khip khep deuh bik thin niin a lang a. Hnam dang zinga Zoluti lak let lehna hmuna a khaw hming nen ngeia chiang faka ziaktu hmasa ber chu kan Zosap Missionary, JH Lorrain, Mizo ten Pu Buanga kan tih thin kha a ni. Baptist Missionary Archive, London atangin Rev. Dr. C.L Hminga`n Pu Buanga ziak “The Whilom Head Hunter” chu kum 1976 khan a rawn hawn a. Chutah chuan Zoluti lak let leh a nih dan chu chiang takin a inziak a. Sailam ti-a khaikhawm tawp lovin, Sailam lal ram chhunga khuate a thliar sin zel a. Kawlri hming pawh hi a ti lang thlap a ni. Hetiangin -
It was the month of January 1871, perched on the summits of the forest covered mountain ranges of Lushai land, the villages of the hardy hill folk lay bathed in the earm winter sunshine. In one of them, KAWLRI by name, close to the now well know Serchhip peak, the babel of human voices blending with the monotous sound of dirge-like song, sung to the accompainiment of gong and drum, proclaimed the fact that a big drinking party was in progress. At this gathering the final arrangement for a long project head-hunting expedition to the far off tea garden of Cacar were being discussed” (Kum1871- a Kawlri paho zing nilum ai chu hla lung-kuai sain an zu an in a. Thingpui huan run thu tawp an rel a ni.)
Zoluti an rawn lak leh pawhin, ‘Kawlri hmun atang bawkin an la a ni’ tih a ziak zel a, hetiang hian -
We must now return to mary, living in a happy contentment in the heart of the Lushai Hills at Kawlri village while away in the far north eat and in the less remote south-west dusky British troops are hecking their painful way through the forest to effect her rescue, every step opposed by bands of hardy and determined hillmen. (Kawlri khua a Zoluti lungawi taka a awm chu la chhuak turin sap sipaite chu dodalna tam tak karah an kal a.)
The friendly chief of Rothangpuia and Subedar of the frontier battalion were chosen for the task. Rothangpuia turned up so unexpectedly at KAWLRI village that bright January day. He did not find it difficult to pursue the Chief Bengkhuaia that it would be wise of him to release Mary Winchester, and every other captives under his jurisdiction as quickly as possible. (Zoluti la let tur chuan Rothangpuia leh Subedar an ruat a. Rin loh takin Kawlri khuaah kalin Bengkhuaia chu tlang taka Zoluti leh sal man dangte chhuah mai chu a finthlak ber ang tiin an hmin thei a).
Hemi bakah hian Mary Winchester la lettu, Lt. Col. Thomas Lewin chuan a autobiography ‘A Fly on the Wheel’ tihah chuan hetiang hian a lo ziak bawk a:
On the 15th. The General sent out two reconnoitering parties: one under Major Macintyre, which returned after some hours with full information as to the roads and passes northwards; the second party, under Captain Battye, went east, and soon after sent back a messenger to the General, reporting of which was barred by large bodies of armed Lushais. Were they force the passage or not? The General ordered the party to return, and sent me down to parley with the enemy. I found the ford guarded by Benkuia`s men, that being the direct road to the Chief`s village. I bade them go and fetch their chiefs quickly, and that I would be personally responsible for their safety. (Thenzawl hmar lama kal (Sailam lam) Maj. Mac Intyre-a hote chu darkar reilo teah lo kirin thil awmzia an rawn report a. Thenzawl khawchhak (Kawlri) lama kal, Capt. Battey-a hote chu an zui ve ta zawk a. Capt. Battey-a pawlte chu an hnuai mel khat velah lui te a lo awm a., chu chu Bengkhuaia mi leh sa silai keng ten an lo veng a. An lalte chu ka hnena rawn hruai turin ka naute ka tir a, an sa himna pawh ka kutin a awm vek tih hriattir turin ka ti nghal bawk a.)
Zoluti lak let lehna hmun chungchanga document pawimawh tak kan bih leh tur pakhat chu Lt. Col. AS Reid ziah ‘Chin – Lushai Land’ tih bu hi a ni. He a lehkhabuah hian a sipaiten Zoluti an lak let lehna hmun chu map hmangin a chhinchhiah a. A map-a a lan danah chuan Mat lui hi hmar leh chhim lam hawi zawngin a luang a. Chutah chuan Bengkhuaia khua chu Mat chhak lamah a chhinchhiah a. Sailam khua erawh Mat thlang lamah a chhinchhiah thung. Kawlri hmun hi vawiin thlenga Mat chhak lama la awm ngar ngar a nih avangin he map atang ringawt pawh hian Zoluti lak let lehna hmun chu khatih hun laia Sailam ram chhung, tuna Serchhip ram chhung lo ni ta, Kawlri ngei hi a lo ni e tih a lang fiah chiang hle awm e.
Tin, Zoluti lak let lehna hmun chungchanga thu inchuh hi Zoluti la let leh tura sipai rual zinga rawn tel ve, ‘Luhshai Hills Survey Party’ te hian an chingfel chiang hle kan ti thei bawk ang. Sipai rual, Right Column 1871 – 1872 ruala kal tel ve, Survey Party, Major MacDonald ho zinga mi, Capt. Tanner, EC Barret leh GH Cooke ten Lushai ram thenkhat an tehna ‘Chart of Triangulation’ map chu Survey General of India, Col. HL Thuillier`an a hnu lawkah a ti chhuak a. He Survey of India map-ah hian Sailam hi Sailam HT tiin an ziak a. (HT tih hi ‘Hill Tract’ emaw ‘Hill Top’ emaw tihna a ni ang.) Kawlri awmna hmun lai bawr erawh ‘Benkuya VL Mound’ tiin a thai lung kulh thung a. (Hei hi a awmzia chu ‘Bengkhuaia awmna khua’ tihna a nih hmel.) He Survey of India Map “Chart of Triangulation” atang hian Zoluti lak let a nih hunlaia Bengkhuaia khua kha KAWLRI hi a ni tih a hriat theih a ni.
Khing a chunga document hrang hrang kan chhiar atang khian Mary Winchester (Zoluti) hi Bengkhuaia, Kawlri hmuna a awm laia lak let a ni tih hi a chiang em em a. TH Lewin leh Bengkhuaia te inbiakremna anga Zoluti la let tura sipaiten puan in ah kaihna, parade an neih thinna hmun pawh ‘Vailam Kawn’ tiin vawiin thleng hian a hmun hi la humhalh a ni. Amaherawhchu, hetih hunlai hian Kawlri hmun hi Sailam lal, Bengkhuaia vanglai, Sâilâm hmuna sâng khua a din laia khawsarih a awp chhunga awm, a lal ram chhung a la nih avangin kan Mizo Historian te chuan Zoluti an lak let lehna hmun hi a chipchiara ziak lovin, Zoluti man tu, Bengkhuaia thuthmun nghet, Sâilam atang a ni an ti sam et thin tih a chiang hle.
A hunlai chuan Kawlri hi Bengkhuaia awp khua, Sâilam lal ram chhung vek a la nih avangin Sâilam hmuna la let a ni an tih hi a dik thlap a. Nimahsela, Mizo Historian, ziaktu hmasa leh zual ten Sailam lal, Bengkhuaia lam ram chhung, Kawlri hmunah Zoluti hi lak let leh a ni tiha thlir sin hran lova, a enkawltu lal Bengkhuaia thuthmun nghet ber, Sailam tiha an lo reh bun tawp thin avangin mipui tam tak thinlungah chuan Sailam hian hmun laili a luah lak lawh tawh a. Hei hian thuziak reng reng hi fimkhur a ngaih zia leh ziah kim tawk loh neih hian mi tam tak chi-ai na a thlen thei a ni tih zir tur min hnutchhiah tam hle.
Bengkhuaia hi Sailam lal ropui a nih tlat avangin a sal man Zoluti an lak let lehna hmun sawi nana kan Mizo Historian leh ziaktu hmasa ten ‘Sailam’ ti-a an lo ziak hi a dik lo hran chuang lova. Kawlri hmun hi kha tih lai khan Sailam lal ram chhung a la ni tih an lo ziah chipchiar loh vang leh, an lo phel sin tawk loh vang mai chauh a ni tih hi thangthar ten Mizo history dik tak kan hriat fiah theih nan kan infah malh malh hi a pawimawh em em a ni.
Heng kan han tarlan zawng zawngte hi ngun taka kan han zirchiana, Zoluti lak let a nih hunlaia Kawlri hi Serchhip ram chhung ni lovin, Sailam ram chhung a ni a. Chumi hnu kum 25-ah Kawlri hmun hi Serchhip ram chhung a ni ta chauh a ni tih hi kan Ziak mi, Historian leh a hmun nghak, Serchhip mipuite ngei pawh hian kan hrefiah chho zel a nih chuan he inhnialna tawp thei lova ngaih hi chinfel a ni ta tiin a sawi theih tawh awm e.
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LEHKHABU RAWNTE:
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Note: Heng bakah hian sawrkar document leh map chi hrang hrangte enkual bawk a ni.
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