ARTICLE 370 leh 371

- HC Vanlalruata

Prime Minister Narendra Modi kaihhruai, NDA sorkar duhdan anga Jammu & Kashmir inhung bikna leh state dangte aia politics a thuneihna sâng bik an neihna dân, India Constitution article 370-na leh 35A chu Parliament chuan tunkar bul lam khan a paih ta a. Hei hian titi a tih tam bâkah, Mizoramah phei chuan mi tam tak an rálkhèl a, Mizoram leh ţhenawm state-te inhumhalhna Constitution article 371 pawh paih a, kan state a pâwnlam mi phalna (inner line permit) nei lova an lo luh khapna dân, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 thlenga derthâwng tura ngaihna a lian hle a ni. Hei hi BJP nilo, political party-te’n mipui an sawiţhaih dan a nih bawk avangin a hlu-hlâng hman hle nghe nghe.

India Constitution a Jammu and Kashmir-in dinhmun sâng tak a lo chan dan, Constitution hrang nei ang hiala a lo awm dan leh hmarchhak state-te’n inhumhalhna bik (special provision/safeguard) an neih dan hi a inang hranpa lo hle a. An chanchin pawh a inang lo. Chuvangin chhui chian deuh a ţul ang –

Jammu & Kashmir hi Kumpinu sorkarin India a awp laia lal hrang neia awm (princely state) zing ami a ni a. A ram diktak chu tuna India ram chhunga awm ta, Jammu & Kashmir bakah hian Pakistan thuneihna hnuaia awm, Azad Kashmir leh hmar lam biala awm Gilgit Baltistan bâkah, kum 1962 aţanga China in a awp zui tak Tibet ramri a awm Aksai Chin te hi a huam ţhin. India ram state zinga Muslim sakhaw bia tam berna state awm chhun a ni a, kum 1941 chhiarpui-ah khan Jammu & Kashmir mipui za zela 77 chu Muslim an ni a, kum 1925 aţanga Jammu & Kashmir awptu lal, Maharaja Hari Singh chu Hindu sakhaw zuitu a ni thung.

India sub-continent an tih mai ţhin chu Kumpinu sorkarin chhuahsanin an zalên dawn tih a lan chian takah khan, British sorkar chuan lal ram tenau ho an awp hun a tawp dawn tak avangin, India emaw Pakistan emaw an zawm loh pawhin, ram zalèn (independent) a awm an thlang thei niin a hrilh a. Mahse, a tak takah chuan British sorkar awpna hnuaiah an awm rei tawh lutuk a, kawng tinrengah sapram rorèlna-ah an innghah thûk tawh em avangin, princely state te tan hian mahni ké a din chu thil theih loh deuh thaw turah historian-te chuan an ngaih sak hlawm a ni. 

J&K-ah hian lal (maharaja) an nei chungin mipui rorélna a awm theihna atan hian, British awp hunlai aţang khan an lo bei tawh a. October ni 16, 1932 khan Sheikh Abdullah leh a ţhiante chuan Kashmir Muslim Conference an din a. Kum 1937 khan Indian National Congress hruaitu Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru nen inhmelhriattir a ni a, an inkawmngeih zui ta hle a, a pâwl hming pawh National Conference vuahin, he pâwl hi sakhaw tih bik nei lo a ni a. India leh Pakistan ţhendarh a zalénna pêk a nih dawn khan, Jammu & Kashmir hi Muslim tamna ram a nih avangin Pakistan a bet nghal mai turah Pakistan mi tam ber chuan an ngai a. An political party lian ber, Kashmir National Conference chu sakhaw tih bik nei lo leh Indian National Congress party nena thawk tlâng an nih avangin, India rama mi tam tak chuan India zawm zawk ngei turah an ngai thung. Maharaja Hari Singh pawh a rilru a buai hle.

India leh Pakistan-in kum 1947 August thla laihàwla zalénna dâr an vuak aţanga rei vak lo, October ni 22-ah chuan Jammu & Kashmir khawthlang lama chêngte leh Pakistan ramchhung, Northwest Frontier Province a chêng Pushtoon hnamte chuan, Pakistan sorkar ţanpuina-in Jammu & Kashmir hi an rawn rũn ta a. A tirah Maharaja sorkar hian lo do let ve bawk mahse, ţanpui turin India a ngên ta a. India sorkar chuan a ţanpui dawn chuan India ram a zawm ang tiin thudelhkilh an siamtir a, chumi zûlzui chuan Jammu & Kashmir-in India a zawmna tur thuthlúng, Instrument of Accession chu hemi kum vek October ni 26 khan lalpa hian a ziak ta a. A tûkah he thuthlúng hi Governor General-in pawmin, thudelhkilh dang a siam belh a, Jammu & Kasmir chungchanga thutawp chu an lalpa ni lovin mipui siam tur a ni a, Kashmir rûntute ŭmchhuah an nih hnu-ah mipuiin thutlûkna an siam anga, he thuthlúng hi chu a tak tak a la ni lo, a ti a ni.

Jammu & Kashmir inchuh a India leh Pakistan indona hian kum 1948 tawp thleng a awh a, kum 1948 bul lam hian India chuan United Nations Security Council lamah an boruak hi a thlen a. UNSC chuan Pakistan chu a sipaite hnûkdawk vek tura thu pe-in, India pawh Jammu & Kashmir venghim tur bâk chu a sipai la chhuak ţhen turin a ti bawk a. Chutianga tih a nih hnu-ah chuan Kashmir mipui ngaihdan lâkna/mipui duhthlanna lâkna (plebiscite) neih a ni ang tih a ni a. Kum 1949 January ni 1-ah inkahhai puan a ni ta a ni. Mahse, a khawi lam ve ve mahin UN duhdan hi an tipuitling lova, chuvangin plebiscite pawh neih a ni ta lova. India chuan Kashmir chungchanga UN Resolution no. 47 chu awmze nei lovah a puang zui ta a. Kashmir chu India ram bung khat a nih avangin India sorkar chuan thutâwp a nei a ni tih chu a ţanna a ni a. BJP-in kum 2019 Parliament inthlan dawn a an lo tiam tawh angin, Kashmir puala constitution hranpa chu sorkar thar chuan a ţhiat ta.

A ţhiahna chhuanlam chu he article 370-na section 3-na tlawhchhanin a ni a. Chutah chuan – “(3) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this article, the President may, by public notification, declare that this article shall cease to be operative or shall be operative only with such exceptions and modifications and from such date as he may specify: Provided that the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in clause (2) shall be necessary before the President issues such a notification,” tih a ni a. Kashmir constitution kan tih tâk mai, article 370 an ziah dan kher pawh hi, ‘Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu & Kashmir” tih a ni.

Hetianga kum 1954 aţanga hman ţan tawh, Constitution article 370-na ţhiah a nih takah hian, Mizoram lamah pawh râlkhèl fé fé an tam mai a. A dawt chiah ami article 371 dinhmun pawh derthâwng nghal thei nia sawiin, Mizote inhumhalhna bik 371G pawh hlip ve nghal rum rum tura lo insawiţhaih tawk an awm a. Chu mai bakah Mizoram pâwn amite an lo luh dawn a phalna, Inner Line Permit (ILP) an neih ngai ţhin pawh a dân tlawhchhan ber, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 thlenga ţhiah mai hlau pâwl pawh an awm a. Social media lamah pawh an sawi tam hle. Thim thuah hnih/thuah thum pawh Mizoram bika lo thleng tur anga sawi pâwl an awm chhûng hi chuan, hetiang lam thim zâwlnei (doomsday prophets) hi chu kan nei reng anga, politics thila a hlâwk bawk phei chuan kan ngah tulh tulh ang.

Constitution article 370-na ţhiahna tur pu lûttu nge Union Home Minister Amit Shah-a’n hmarchhak state-te humhalh bikna article 371 chu khawih danglam a ni dawn lo tih a puan hnu pawhin kan la insawiţhaih zui ta reng a. Hei tak hi Mizote sûkthlék dan dik lo fo chu a ni. BJP kaihhruai NDA sorkar hian article 370 ţhiahte, Hindu pathian pakhat Rama pianna hmun nia an pawm, Ayodhya hmuna Muslim biakin (Babri Masjid) sak hnan a, Ram Mandir sak an tum thute kumin Parliament inthlana an thutiam a an telh a ni a, Citizenship Amendment Bill pawh kaltlangpui an tum thu an sawi. Article 371 leh ILP ţhiah/paih chungchang hi an inthlan thutiamah an telh lova, lo pâwngpaw hlauh ngawt hi mi dawihzep hna a ni. BEFR, 1873 hi kan dân hman pawimawh em em, IPC leh Cr PC te ang bawka British hunlai a siam, India-in a la chhawm zing ami a ni a, chuti mai a an khawih a rinawm loh – hnawk ti pâwl erawh chu an awm reng ang, Constitution article 19-na a kalh ti pâwl nen.

Tih tak takah chuan eng political party pawh hian India Parliament inthlan a mi dangte mitmei vèn ngai lo khawpa hnehna an chan miau a, an duh phawt chuan, India Constitution pawh an ziak danglam thei alawm. Chubakah Constitution-ah vék hian state thar siam, state then, state pahnih, pakhat a siam leh a awm sa nuaibo thlengin thuneihna pêk a ni a. A hlauhawm zawnga sawi chuan thleng thei vek a ni. A pawimawh ber zawk chu inhumhalh leh hung bikna kan neih hi hmang ţangkai ila, tribal kan nihna a hlahthlem kan nihnate hi hmang ţangkai bawk ila. Kum 100 chuang fé Mizo hnam humhalhna BEFR dân kan lo hman tawh a ni emaw, humhalh leh hung bikna dân kan neih dangte hi hlĩp thut pawh ni se, dam khawchhuak (survive) thei tura kan inzirtir a, a taka ţan kan lâk hi a pawimawh ber chu a ni. Khawvel chu a ruh no no chhuakah (survival of the fittest) thuthlung a a bul aţanga a tâwp thlenga kal tur a ni miau si a.

( He thu ziaktu hi Mizoram Journalist hlun leh ṭha, PTI Principal Correspondent ni mek a ni a.  Mizorama Chanchinbu hrang hrang a pui bawk.)